Explore innovative architecture that challenges flat surfaces, creating dynamic, walkable spaces for unique user experiences.
Historically, architecture and the built environment have insisted on creating flat, hard surfaces. In earlier eras, walking without paved ground meant mud-caked shoes, uneven footing, tripping hazards, standing water after rain, and high maintenance.
The benefits of flat surfaces are real: easier walking, simpler cleaning, and straightforward programming—furniture, equipment, and partitions all prefer a level base.
However, making a truly flat surface is surprisingly difficult—and many well-executed "flat" floors aren't perfectly flat at all. They are often gently sloped, calibrated to precise gradients for drainage.
What's less recognized is that making a truly flat surface is surprisingly difficult
This universal preference for building on flat ground remains the norm and, for many practical reasons, will likely continue to be.
Author's summary: Rethinking flat surfaces in architecture.